<?php

namespace Modules\Core\Auth\Services;

use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Event;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Mail;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\RateLimiter;
use Modules\Core\Auth\Events\UserAuthenticated;
use Modules\Core\Auth\Events\UserCreated;
use Modules\Core\Auth\Exceptions\OtpThrottledException;
use Modules\Core\Auth\Mail\UserOtpMail;

/**
 * The storefront's passwordless login — a shopper supplies only an email
 * (Shopify-style), gets a 6-digit code, and validate() authenticates the
 * `web` guard via Auth::login().
 *
 * That alone is enough to merge/associate any active guest cart into the
 * now-known customer — Auth::login() fires Illuminate\Auth\Events\Login,
 * which Lunar's own Lunar\Listeners\CartSessionAuthListener (registered
 * unconditionally in LunarServiceProvider::boot(), no opt-in needed)
 * already listens to, calling CartSession::associate() with
 * config('lunar.cart.auth_policy') — 'merge' by default, 'override' if a
 * consumer changes that config. Deliberately no cart-association call
 * here: doing our own on top would run a SECOND merge attempt with a
 * hardcoded policy that ignores whatever the consumer configured.
 *
 * generateAndSend() does NOT create a User row for an email it hasn't
 * seen before — it used to (firstOrCreate() ran unconditionally), which
 * meant this login FORM was effectively a registration form: anyone could
 * create a real User (and, via UserCreated's own cascade, a paired
 * Customer) for any email address they liked, whether or not a single
 * correct code was ever entered. A genuinely new email's pending code now
 * lives in the cache (see pendingKey()), keyed by email, with no DB row
 * at all — firstOrCreate() and UserCreated only fire from validate(), and
 * only once the code has actually been proven correct. An email that
 * already has a User row is unaffected: its OTP state still lives on that
 * row's own otp_code_hash/otp_expires_at/otp_attempts columns exactly as
 * before, so a returning shopper's login is unchanged. otp_code_hash
 * holds a bcrypt hash of the code (the 'otp_code_hash' => 'hashed' cast
 * on App\Models\User hashes it automatically on assignment, same as
 * password), not the code itself — compared via Hash::check().
 *
 * Two independent throttles, both configured under core.auth.otp — see
 * config/core.php's own comment for why they're separate: max_attempts
 * caps wrong guesses against ONE code; generation_limit caps how often a
 * NEW code can be requested for the same email at all (closes both the
 * "regenerate to reset my guess count" loophole and mail-bombing one
 * inbox). Both apply identically whether or not a User row exists yet.
 *
 * validate() also records a UserSessionService entry for the new login —
 * see that class's own docblock for the "logout everywhere" registry
 * this feeds (Modules\Core\Auth\Http\Middleware\EnsureSessionNotRevoked
 * is the enforcement half; a consuming app must add it to its own
 * middleware stack). $request is optional purely so this service stays
 * callable from a context with no HTTP request at all (a console
 * command, a test) — user-agent/ip are simply not recorded when omitted.
 */
class UserOtpService
{
    private const EXPIRY_MINUTES = 10;
    private const CODE_LENGTH = 6;

    public function __construct(
        private readonly UserSessionService $sessions,
    ) {}

    /**
     * @throws OtpThrottledException if this email has requested too many
     *   codes within core.auth.otp.generation_decay_minutes
     */
    public function generateAndSend(string $email): bool
    {
        $limiterKey = $this->generationLimiterKey($email);
        $maxGenerations = (int) config('core.auth.otp.generation_limit', 3);

        if (RateLimiter::tooManyAttempts($limiterKey, $maxGenerations)) {
            throw new OtpThrottledException(RateLimiter::availableIn($limiterKey));
        }

        RateLimiter::hit($limiterKey, (int) config('core.auth.otp.generation_decay_minutes', 10) * 60);

        $model = config('auth.providers.users.model');
        $user = $model::where('email', $email)->first();
        $code = str_pad((string) random_int(0, 999999), self::CODE_LENGTH, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);

        if ($user) {
            $user->otp_code_hash = $code;
            $user->otp_expires_at = now()->addMinutes(self::EXPIRY_MINUTES);
            $user->otp_attempts = 0;
            $user->save();
        } else {
            // No row yet — deliberately not created here. See this
            // class's own docblock for why: creating one on every
            // generateAndSend() call let anyone mint real User/Customer
            // rows for an email nobody proved they owned.
            //
            // Hashed even in the cache (not just on the DB-backed path)
            // — a code sitting in Cache::get()-able storage is the same
            // exposure as a plaintext DB column if anything can read it.
            Cache::put($this->pendingKey($email), [
                'code_hash' => Hash::make($code),
                'expires_at' => now()->addMinutes(self::EXPIRY_MINUTES)->timestamp,
                'attempts' => 0,
            ], now()->addMinutes(self::EXPIRY_MINUTES));
        }

        Mail::to($email)->send(new UserOtpMail($user->name ?? $email, $code));

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * A wrong code counts against core.auth.otp.max_attempts and, once
     * reached, invalidates the code entirely — the shopper must request
     * a fresh one via generateAndSend() (itself throttled independently
     * — see this class's own docblock) rather than being able to keep
     * guessing against a still-live code for the rest of its 10-minute
     * expiry window. Applies identically to the cache-backed (no User row
     * yet) and DB-backed (existing User row) paths.
     */
    public function validate(string $email, string $code, ?Request $request = null): ?Authenticatable
    {
        $model = config('auth.providers.users.model');
        $existing = $model::where('email', $email)->exists();

        $result = $existing
            ? $this->validateExisting($model, $email, $code)
            : $this->validatePending($model, $email, $code);

        if (! $result) {
            return null;
        }

        RateLimiter::clear($this->generationLimiterKey($email));

        Auth::login($result);

        $this->sessions->record($result, $request);

        Event::dispatch(new UserAuthenticated($result));

        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * lockForUpdate() + a transaction make the read-check-increment-save
     * atomic across concurrent requests for the same user — without it,
     * two guesses fired in parallel can each read the same pre-increment
     * otp_attempts value and both save past max_attempts, letting an
     * attacker exceed the lockout by parallelizing requests instead of
     * sending them serially.
     */
    private function validateExisting(string $model, string $email, string $code): ?Authenticatable
    {
        return DB::transaction(function () use ($model, $email, $code) {
            $user = $model::where('email', $email)->lockForUpdate()->first();

            if (! $user || ! $user->otp_code_hash || ! $user->otp_expires_at || now()->isAfter($user->otp_expires_at)) {
                return null;
            }

            if (! Hash::check($code, $user->otp_code_hash)) {
                $user->otp_attempts++;

                if ($user->otp_attempts >= (int) config('core.auth.otp.max_attempts', 5)) {
                    $user->otp_code_hash = null;
                    $user->otp_expires_at = null;
                    $user->otp_attempts = 0;
                }

                $user->save();

                return null;
            }

            $user->otp_code_hash = null;
            $user->otp_expires_at = null;
            $user->otp_attempts = 0;
            $user->save();

            return $user;
        });
    }

    /**
     * No User row exists yet, so there's nothing to lockForUpdate() —
     * Cache::lock() is the equivalent guard against two parallel guesses
     * against the same pending signup both reading the same pre-increment
     * attempts count. The User (and, via UserCreated, its paired Customer)
     * is only ever created here, once the code has actually been proven
     * correct — never from generateAndSend().
     */
    private function validatePending(string $model, string $email, string $code): ?Authenticatable
    {
        $key = $this->pendingKey($email);

        return Cache::lock("{$key}:lock", 10)->block(5, function () use ($model, $email, $code, $key) {
            $pending = Cache::get($key);

            if (! $pending || now()->timestamp > $pending['expires_at']) {
                return null;
            }

            if (! Hash::check($code, $pending['code_hash'])) {
                $pending['attempts']++;

                if ($pending['attempts'] >= (int) config('core.auth.otp.max_attempts', 5)) {
                    Cache::forget($key);
                } else {
                    Cache::put($key, $pending, now()->addMinutes(self::EXPIRY_MINUTES));
                }

                return null;
            }

            Cache::forget($key);

            $user = $model::firstOrCreate(['email' => $email]);

            // wasRecentlyCreated is Eloquent's own "did firstOrCreate()
            // just INSERT, or did it find an existing row" flag. Always
            // true here in practice (validatePending() only runs when no
            // row existed moments ago), but checked anyway rather than
            // assumed, in case of an extremely unlikely race with a
            // signup completed through some other path in between.
            if ($user->wasRecentlyCreated) {
                Event::dispatch(new UserCreated($user));
            }

            return $user;
        });
    }

    private function generationLimiterKey(string $email): string
    {
        return 'otp-generate:'.strtolower($email);
    }

    private function pendingKey(string $email): string
    {
        return 'otp-pending:'.strtolower($email);
    }
}